Strongly NP-Hard Discrete Gate Sizing Problems

The discrete gate sizing problem has been studied by several researchers recently. Some Complexity results have been obtained, ana' a number of heuristic algorithms have been proposed. For circuit networks that are restricted to the set of trees, or series-parallel graphs pseudo-polynomial time algorithms to obtain the exact solution have also been proposed, though none can be extended to arbitrary dags (directed acyclic graphs). We prove that the problem is strongly NP-hard. Our result implies that for arbitrary dags there is no pseudo-polynomial time algorithm to obtain the exact solution unless P=NP. Our result also provides insight into the difficulties of the problem, and may lead to better heuristics. Keyworks and phrases Discrete gate sizing, timing optimization, technology mapping, NP-hard, cell selection, complexity, graph theory.